Pharisaism
111ВАРАВВА — [греч. Βαραββᾶς], преступник, избранный толпой по наущению священников вместо Иисуса Христа, когда Понтий Пилат предложил освободить одного из узников по случаю праздника Пасхи. Хотя точная этимология имени остается предметом споров, большинство… …
112ABRAHAMS, ISRAEL — (1858–1925), English scholar. In 1902 he was appointed reader in rabbinic and talmudic literature at Cambridge, succeeding solomon schechter . He played a considerable role in the university, both personal and scholastic, and had some… …
113AFTERLIFE — Judaism has always maintained a belief in an afterlife, but the forms which this belief has assumed and the modes in which it has been expressed have varied greatly and differed from period to period. Thus even today several distinct conceptions… …
114BUECHLER, ADOLF — (1867–1939), theologian and historian. Buechler received his early training in the Jewish seminaries of Budapest and Breslau and was awarded his doctorate in Leipzig in 1890. His earliest studies were in the fields of Hebrew philosophy and… …
115FINKELSTEIN, LOUIS — (1895–1991), U.S. Conservative rabbi, scholar, and educator. Finkelstein was born in Cincinnati. His father, an Orthodox rabbi, supervised his early Jewish education. He graduated from the College of the City of New York (1915) and took his… …
116FORGIVENESS — FORGIVENESS, the act of absolving or pardoning; the state of being pardoned. In the Bible The biblical concept of forgiveness presumes, in its oldest strata, that sin is a malefic force that adheres to the sinner and that forgiveness is the… …
117GEIGER, ABRAHAM — (1810–1874), pioneer of the wissenschaft des judentums and founder of reform judaism . Geiger was born in Frankfurt am Main to an Orthodox family and received a traditional religious education. Already in his childhood, he began studying… …
118HERFORD, ROBERT TRAVERS° — (1860–1950), English Unitarian theologian who devoted his life to research into the Judaism of the Second Temple and the Talmud, particularly the Pharisees. Travers Herford was a liberal scholar who was free of the theological prejudices of… …
119JESUS — (d. 30 C.E.), whom Christianity sees as its founder and object of faith, was a Jew who lived toward the end of the Second Commonwealth period. The martyrdom of his brother James is narrated by Josephus (Ant. 20:200–3), but the passage in the same …
120PROTESTANTS — Up to World War II Seen in perspective, the attitude of the Protestant movement toward Jews and Judaism was ambivalent and unstable. For the earlier periods see luther , calvin , and reformation . By the beginning of the 18th century the… …
