Rationalism
111Cartesianism — See Cartesian. * * * Philosophical tradition derived from the philosophy of René Descartes. A form of rationalism, Cartesianism upholds a metaphysical dualism of two finite substances, mind and matter. The essence of mind is thinking; the essence …
112empiricism — empiricist, n., adj. /em pir euh siz euhm/, n. 1. empirical method or practice. 2. Philos. the doctrine that all knowledge is derived from sense experience. Cf. rationalism (def. 2). 3. undue reliance upon experience, as in medicine; quackery. 4 …
113Judaism — /jooh dee iz euhm, day , deuh /, n. 1. the monotheistic religion of the Jews, having its ethical, ceremonial, and legal foundation in the precepts of the Old Testament and in the teachings and commentaries of the rabbis as found chiefly in the… …
114scholasticism — /skeuh las teuh siz euhm/, n. 1. (sometimes cap.) the system of theological and philosophical teaching predominant in the Middle Ages, based chiefly upon the authority of the church fathers and of Aristotle and his commentators. 2. narrow… …
115religion, study of — Introduction attempt to understand the various aspects of religion, especially through the use of other intellectual disciplines. The history of mankind has shown the pervasive influences of religion, and thus the study of religion,… …
116Franz Xaver von Baader — Franz Xaver von Baader † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Franz Xaver von Baader German philosopher, born at Munich, 1765; died at the same place, 23 May, 1841. I. The idealistic stream of German philosophy which started with Kant and… …
117Outline of humanism — See also: Outline of transhumanism The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to humanism: Humanism – broad category of active ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability… …
118Leibniz (from) to Kant — From Leibniz to Kant Lewis White Beck INTRODUCTION Had Kant not lived, German philosophy between the death of Leibniz in 1716 and the end of the eighteenth century would have little interest for us, and would remain largely unknown. In Germany… …
119BIBLE — THE CANON, TEXT, AND EDITIONS canon general titles the canon the significance of the canon the process of canonization contents and titles of the books the tripartite canon …
120Alchemy — Alchemist redirects here. For other uses, see Alchemist (disambiguation). For other uses, see Alchemy (disambiguation). Page from alchemic treatise of Ramon Llull, 16th century Alchemy is an influential philosophical tradition whose early… …
