Unbounded
121Observable universe — For a general discussion of the universe, see Universe. Visualization of the 93 billion light year – or 28 billion parsec – three dimensional observable universe. The scale is such that the fine grains of light represent collections of large… …
122Martingale (betting system) — For the generalised mathematical concept, see martingale (probability theory). Originally, martingale referred to a class of betting strategies popular in 18th century France. The simplest of these strategies was designed for a game in which the… …
123Observable — This article is about observables in physics. For the use of the term observable in control theory, see Observability. In physics, particularly in quantum physics, a system observable is a property of the system state that can be determined by… …
124Noncommutative geometry — Not to be confused with Anabelian geometry. Noncommutative geometry (NCG) is a branch of mathematics concerned with geometric approach to noncommutative algebras, and with construction of spaces which are locally presented by noncommutative… …
125Hardy space — In complex analysis, the Hardy spaces (or Hardy classes) Hp are certain spaces of holomorphic functions on the unit disk or upper half plane. They were introduced by Frigyes Riesz (Riesz 1923), who named them after G. H. Hardy, because of the… …
126Lyapunov function — In mathematics, Lyapunov functions are functions which can be used to prove the stability of a certain fixed point in a dynamical system or autonomous differential equation. Named after the Russian mathematician Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov,… …
127Hough transform — The Hough transform (pronEng|ˈhʌf, rhymes with tough ) is a feature extraction technique used in image analysis, computer vision, and digital image processing. [Shapiro, Linda and Stockman, George. “Computer Vision,” Prentice Hall, Inc. 2001] The …
128St. Petersburg paradox — In economics, the St. Petersburg paradox is a paradox related to probability theory and decision theory. It is based on a particular (theoretical) lottery game (sometimes called St. Petersburg Lottery ) that leads to a random variable with… …
