correct+valuation
11Tautology (logic) — In propositional logic, a tautology (from the Greek word ταυτολογία) is a propositional formula that is true under any possible valuation (also called a truth assignment or an interpretation) of its propositional variables. For example, the… …
12Actuarial science — are professionals who are qualified in this field through examinations and experience. Actuarial science includes a number of interrelating subjects, including probability and statistics, finance, and economics. Historically, actuarial science… …
13Annuity (European financial arrangements) — An annuity can be defined as a contract which provides an income stream in return for an initial payment.Immediate annuityAn immediate annuity is an annuity for which the income stream begins at a time after the initial payment which is less than …
14formal logic — the branch of logic concerned exclusively with the principles of deductive reasoning and with the form rather than the content of propositions. [1855 60] * * * Introduction the abstract study of propositions, statements, or assertively used …
15Black–Scholes — The Black–Scholes model (pronounced /ˌblæk ˈʃoʊlz/[1]) is a mathematical model of a financial market containing certain derivative investment instruments. From the model, one can deduce the Black–Scholes formula, which gives the price of European …
16Clayton Donaldson — Donaldson pictured in 2010 Personal information Full name Clayton Andrew Donaldson …
17international trade — Introduction economic transactions that are made between countries. Among the items commonly traded are consumer goods, such as television sets and clothing; capital goods, such as machinery; and raw materials and food. Other transactions… …
18Bond (finance) — In finance, a bond is a debt security, in which the authorized issuer owes the holders a debt and, depending on the terms of the bond, is obliged to pay interest (the coupon) to use and/or to repay the principal at a later date, termed maturity.… …
19Capital formation — Gross capital formation in % of gross domestic product in world economy Capital formation is a concept used in macroeconomics, national accounts and financial economics. Occasionally it is also used in corporate accounts. It can be defined… …
20property tax — a tax levied on real or personal property. [1800 10] * * * Levy imposed on real estate (land and buildings) and in some jurisdictions on personal property such as automobiles, jewelry, and furniture. Some countries also levy property taxes on… …
