false+assertion
41Pseudoscience — Part of a series on Science …
42Fallacy — In logic and rhetoric, a fallacy is usually incorrect argumentation in reasoning resulting in a misconception or presumption. By accident or design, fallacies may exploit emotional triggers in the listener or interlocutor (appeal to emotion), or… …
43Judaism — /jooh dee iz euhm, day , deuh /, n. 1. the monotheistic religion of the Jews, having its ethical, ceremonial, and legal foundation in the precepts of the Old Testament and in the teachings and commentaries of the rabbis as found chiefly in the… …
44Spinoza: metaphysics and knowledge — G.H.R.Parkinson The philosophical writings of Spinoza are notoriously obscure, and they have been interpreted in many ways. Some interpreters see Spinoza as (in the words of a contemporary)1 ‘the reformer of the new [sc. Cartesian] philosophy’.… …
45metaphysics — /met euh fiz iks/, n. (used with a sing. v.) 1. the branch of philosophy that treats of first principles, includes ontology and cosmology, and is intimately connected with epistemology. 2. philosophy, esp. in its more abstruse branches. 3. the… …
46formal logic — the branch of logic concerned exclusively with the principles of deductive reasoning and with the form rather than the content of propositions. [1855 60] * * * Introduction the abstract study of propositions, statements, or assertively used …
47Theory of descriptions — The theory of descriptions is one of the philosopher Bertrand Russell s most significant contributions to the philosophy of language. It is also termed Russell s Theory of Descriptions (often abbreviated as RTD ). In short, Russell argued that… …
48Vacuous truth — A vacuous truth is a truth that is devoid of content because it asserts something about all members of a class that is empty or because it says If A then B when in fact A is false. For example, the statement all cell phones in the room are turned …
49Ockham’s world and future — Arthur Gibson PHILOSOPHICAL BIOGRAPHY Ockham was born in about 1285, certainly before 1290, probably in the village of Ockham, Surrey, near London. If his epitaph is accurate, he died on 10 April 1347. Yet Conrad of Megenberg, when writing to… …
50Law of excluded middle — This article uses forms of logical notation. For a concise description of the symbols used in this notation, see Table of logic symbols. In logic, the law of the excluded middle states that the propositional calculus formula P ∨ ¬ P ( P or not P… …
