plenipotentiary
61United States Ambassador to Cuba — Cuba was the last major Spanish colony to gain independence, following a lengthy struggle that began in 1868. José Martí, Cuba’s national hero, helped initiate the final push for independence in 1895. In 1898, the United States fought a brief war …
62United States Ambassador to Ethiopia — The United States established diplomatic relations with Ethiopia in 1903 and commissioned its first ambassador to Ethiopia, Hoffman Philip, in 1908. Relations continued uninterrupted until 1980. In July 1980, the U.S. Ambassador to Ethiopia was… …
63United States Ambassador to Togo — Togoland was a German protectorate in West Africa from 1884 to 1914. The protectorate was established in 1884 when the German commissioner signed a treaty with the local chief, in which Germany declared a protectorate over a stretch of territory… …
64United States Ambassador to Burundi — The part of Africa that is now Burundi and Rwanda was a feudal monarchy headed by a mwami (king) and a ganwa , a feudal hierarchy of Tutsi nobles and gentry until 1890. In that year the Germans attacked the nation and attempted to subdue it with… …
65United States Ambassador to Tanzania — The area of southern Africa that is now the nation of Tanzania first came under European domination in 1884 when the German Gesellschaft für Deutsche Kolonisation Society for German Colonization under Dr. Karl Peters concluded treaties with the… …
66United States Ambassador to Benin — The Kingdom of Dahomey was an overseas possession of France part of French West Africa until 1958. In that year Dahomey became an autonomous republic, and gained full independence in 1960. The United States immediately recognized Dahomey and… …
67United States Ambassador to Rwanda — The part of Africa that is now Rwanda was a feudal monarchy headed by a mwami (king) and a feudal hierarchy of Tutsi nobles and gentry until 1899. In that year the mwami submitted to a German protectorate without resistance. In 1915 during World… …
68United States Ambassador to Equatorial Guinea — In the 19th century, the area of Central Africa that now contains the nation of Equatorial Guinea was under Spanish control. The area was known as Spanish Guinea and included the small mainland area of Río Muni and the island of Fernão do Pó (or… …
69United States Ambassador to the Democratic Republic of the Congo — Until the late 18th century, the area of central Africa that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo was the Kingdom of Kongo, an area of west central Africa in what are now northern Angola, Cabinda, Republic of the Congo, and the western… …
70United States Ambassador to Gabon — In the 15th century, the area of central Africa that is now the nation of Gabon was populated by Bantu groups. Little is known of their civilization prior to European contact.Gabon’s first confirmed European visitors were Portuguese traders who… …
