spontaneous+process
31Oxygen-burning process — The oxygen burning process is a set of nuclear fusion reactions that take place in massive stars that have used up the lighter elements in their cores. It occurs at temperatures around 1.5×109 K / 130 keV and densities of 1010 kg/m3. The… …
32Neon-burning process — The neon burning process is a set of nuclear fusion reactions that take place in massive stars (at least 8 Solar masses). Neon burning requires high temperatures and densities (around 1.2×109 K or 100 KeV and 4×109 kg/m3). At such high… …
33Amplified spontaneous emission — (ASE) or superluminescence is light, produced by spontaneous emission, that has been optically amplified by the process of stimulated emission in a gain medium.Origins and problemsASE is produced when a laser gain medium is pumped to produce a… …
34arts, East Asian — Introduction music and visual and performing arts of China, Korea, and Japan. The literatures of these countries are covered in the articles Chinese literature, Korean literature, and Japanese literature. Some studies of East Asia… …
35Electrochemistry — is a branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor (a metal or a semiconductor) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte), and which involve electron transfer between… …
36Chemical thermodynamics — is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics involves not only laboratory measurements of various… …
37Introduction to entropy — Thermodynamic entropy provides a measure of certain aspects of energy in relation to absolute temperature. The thermodynamic entropy S, often simply called the entropy in the context of thermodynamics, is a measure of the amount of energy in a… …
38electrochemical reaction — ▪ chemistry Introduction any process either caused or accompanied by the passage of an electric current and involving in most cases the transfer of electrons between two substances one a solid and the other a liquid. Under ordinary… …
39Membrane curvature — is the geometrical measure or characterization of the curvature of membranes. The membranes can be naturally occurring or man made (synthetic). An example of naturally occurring membrane is the lipid bilayer of cells, also known as cellular… …
40Raman scattering — or the Raman effect (pronounced: IPA| [rə.mən] ) is the inelastic scattering of a photon. Discovered By Dr. C.V. Raman in liquids and by Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam in crystals.When light is scattered from an atom or molecule, most… …
