upbuilding
101BARACS, KÁROLY — (1868–1929), Hungarian communal leader and bibliophile. Baracs, the maternal grandson of immanuel loew , was born in Budapest, where he studied engineering. On the completion of his studies he entered the service of a railway company, eventually… …
102BRANDEIS, LOUIS DEMBITZ — (1856–1941), U.S. jurist, the first Jew to be appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Early Years Brandeis was born in Louisville, Kentucky, the youngest of four children of Adolph and Frederika Dembitz Brandeis. His parents, both of whom were born… …
103FRANKFURTER, FELIX — (1882–1965), U.S. jurist. Frankfurter, who was born in Vienna, was taken to the United States at the age of 12. His parents settled on the Lower East Side of New York, where his father, scion of a long line of rabbis, was a modest tradesman.… …
104GRAJEWSKI, ELIEZER ZALMAN — (1843–1899), rabbinic scholar, traveler, and journalist. Grajewski was born in Malyaty (Maletai), near Vilna. He served first as the rabbi of Kletsk and later of Orsha. In 1873, he visited Ereẓ Israel, where he became a strong supporter of the… …
105HA-OVED HA-ẒIYYONI — (Heb. הַעוֹבֵד הַצִּיוֹנִי The Zionist Worker ), Israel labor movement founded as a histadrut faction at Ra anannah on Nov. 22–23, 1935, by pioneer immigrants of General Zionist Youth from Eastern Europe, many of them members of kibbutzim. In… …
106ḤARLAP, JACOB MOSES BEN ZEBULUN — (1883–1951), Ereẓ Israel rabbi. Ḥarlap was born in Jerusalem, where his father, who had emigrated from Poland, was a dayyan in the bet din of Moses Joshua Judah Leib Diskin. His main teacher was the Jerusalem scholar, Ẓevi Michael Shapira and… …
107ALIYAH AND ABSORPTION — GENERAL SURVEY Introduction Aliyah, ascension or going up, is the coming of Jews as individuals or in groups, from exile or diaspora to live in the Land of Israel. Those who go up for this purpose are known as olim – a term used in the Bible for… …
108LATVIA — (Lettish Latvija; Rus. Latviya; Ger. Lettland; Pol. Łołwa), one of the Baltic states of N.E. Europe; from 1940 to 1991 the Latvian S.S.R. The nucleus of Latvian Jewry was formed by the Jews of Livonia (Livland) and courland , the two… …
109LICHTHEIM, RICHARD — (1885–1963), Zionist leader in Germany. Lichtheim was born in Berlin of an assimilated family and completed his studies in economics in Freiburg, where he also joined the Zionist movement. At first he aided the Zionist Organization s Palestine… …
110MESSIAH — MESSIAH, an anglicization of the Latin Messias, which is borrowed from the Greek Μεσσιας, an adaptation of the Aramaic meshiḥa (Aram. מְשִׁיחָא), a translation of the Hebrew (ha melekh) ha mashi aḥ (Heb. הַמָּשִׁיח (ְהַמֶּלֶך), the Anointed… …
